一平衡
　　A balance

　　相比对比，平衡的版式设计会给网页带来一种视觉感受上的稳定性。平衡原则主要考虑设计中的元素如何分布，使得页面中的每个板块能做到基本一致，以达到设计的视觉平衡。也就是说，页面中的某些元素被集合到一起，就形成了视觉重量，这些视觉重量一定要用一个分量相当且作用相反的重量来抵消，否则就会导致视觉的不稳定性。
　　Compared to comparison, a balanced layout design will bring a visual stability to the webpage. The principle of balance mainly considers how the elements in the design are distributed, so that each section of the page can achieve basic consistency, in order to achieve visual balance in the design. That is to say, certain elements in the page are grouped together to form visual weight, which must be offset by a weight that is equal in weight and has opposite effects, otherwise it will lead to visual instability.
　　平衡分对称平衡和不对称平衡两种方式，下面分别介绍。
　　There are two ways of balancing: symmetric balance and asymmetric balance, which will be introduced separately below.
　　1.对称平衡
　　1. Symmetrical balance
　　当页面的形式构成是基于某条轴线对称，并且轴线两边的视觉重量相同时，就称为对称平衡。网页中的绝对对称平衡很少用到，但左右水平对称的手法常常出现在网页的版式设计中，通常是从中分开的左右两边有着相同的视觉重量（图2-16）。Flourish Web Design网站首页就使用了对称平衡的手法，将一些必要的导航信息放入左右对称的位置，在平衡视觉的同时将用户的视线成功吸引到重要的信息位置（图2-17）。
　　When the form of a page is based on a symmetrical axis and the visual weight on both sides of the axis is the same, it is called symmetrical balance. Absolute symmetry balance is rarely used in web pages, but the technique of left-right horizontal symmetry often appears in the layout design of web pages, where the left and right sides separated from each other have the same visual weight (Figure 2-16). The homepage of the Flourish Web Design website uses the technique of symmetrical balance, placing some necessary navigation information in symmetrical positions on both sides, successfully attracting the user's gaze to important information positions while balancing the visual aspect (Figure 2-17).
　　2.不对称平衡
　　2. Asymmetric equilibrium
　　不对称平衡指使用不同视觉元素来实现视觉的整体平衡。当页面的视觉重量被均匀分布到对称轴上，而对称轴两边的个体元素不相对应时，就形成了不对称平衡。
　　Asymmetric balance refers to the use of different visual elements to achieve overall visual balance. When the visual weight of the page is evenly distributed on the axis of symmetry, and the individual elements on both sides of the axis of symmetry do not correspond, asymmetric balance is formed.
　　因为不对称平衡常常是对所呈现内容的一种更加自然的处理方式，所以它在网页设计中较为常见。nest企业网站首页的版式设计就采用了不对称平衡的手法，画面的主要部分虽然在面积上被分为不完全对称的两部分，但是在视觉元素设计上使画面达到了力量的均衡对称（图2-18）。blackberry网站首页将页面分为相等的两部分，左右两边分别是文字和图像的内容，使页面整体达到了视觉感受统一均衡的效果（图2-19）。this is grow网站首页也采用了不对称平衡的手法，采用文字和大面积空白的方式使网页达到了视觉平衡的效果（图2-20）。gavin castleton网站首页运用不对称均衡的图像对比手法，产生了强烈的视觉效果（图2-21）。
　　Because asymmetric balance is often a more natural way of handling the presented content, it is more common in web design. The layout design of the Nest Enterprise website homepage adopts an asymmetric balance approach. Although the main part of the image is divided into two partially symmetrical parts in terms of area, the visual element design achieves a balanced and symmetrical power of the image (Figure 2-18). The homepage of Blackberry website divides the page into two equal parts, with text and images on the left and right sides respectively, achieving a visually unified and balanced effect on the overall page (Figure 2-19). The homepage of this is grow website also adopts asymmetric balance technique, using text and large blank space to achieve visual balance effect on the webpage (Figure 2-20). The homepage of Gavin Castleton website uses asymmetric and balanced image contrast techniques to produce a strong visual effect (Figure 2-21).
　　二对齐
　　Two Alignment
　　对齐指以尽可能协调的方式将视觉元素的自然边界（或边框）排列起来的过程。这常常会用到网格，网格构成作为一种行之有效的版面设计形式法则之一，将构成主义和秩序的概念引入设计中，使所有的设计元素之间的协调统一成为可能。
　　Alignment refers to the process of arranging the natural boundaries (or borders) of visual elements in a coordinated manner as much as possible. This often involves the use of grids, and grid composition is one of the effective rules for layout design. It introduces the concepts of constructivism and order into design, making it possible to coordinate and unify all design elements.
　　对齐设计在实际运用中特别强调比例感、秩序感、整体感和严密感，创造出一种简洁朴实的版面艺术表现风格，但过度使用也会给版面带来呆板的负面影响。因此设计者在运用对齐设计时，应适当打破网格的约束，也可以用更微妙的对齐方式来实现统一，达到令人满意的目的，使画面更生动活泼，更有趣味性。
　　Alignment design emphasizes a sense of proportion, order, wholeness, and rigor in practical applications, creating a concise and simple artistic expression style for the layout. However, excessive use can also have a negative impact on the layout's rigidity. Therefore, when using alignment design, designers should appropriately break the constraints of the grid, and can also use more subtle alignment methods to achieve unity and satisfactory results, making the picture more lively and interesting.
　　glossy rey网站首页采用了矩形图片和色块对比的方式，并使用了绝对对齐的方式，将不同的信息元素统一在相同的组合方式中，使画面层次丰富的同时将导航链接直观地呈现给用户（图2-22）。如果网站内容比较丰富，网页内容较多，对齐的手法就非常实用，可以将繁复的内容整理干净，方便用户使用（图2-23、图2-24）。有时候简单的文字对齐也可以营造独特的页面风格（图2-25）。
　　The homepage of Glossy Rey website adopts a rectangular image and color block comparison method, and uses absolute alignment to unify different information elements in the same combination, making the picture rich in hierarchy and presenting navigation links intuitively to users (Figure 2-22). If the website content is rich and the webpage content is abundant, the alignment technique is very practical, which can clean up the complex content and facilitate user use (Figure 2-23, Figure 2-24). Sometimes simple text alignment can also create a unique page style (Figure 2-25).
　　三节奏和韵律
　　Triple Rhythm and Rhythm
　　运动中的事物都具有节奏和韵律的形式规律，节奏与韵律本来在音乐、舞蹈、诗歌及电影等具有时间形式的艺术中是通过视觉和听觉来表现的。节奏本身没有形象特征，只是表明事物在运动中的快慢、强弱以及间歇的节拍。节奏可以说是条理与反复的发展。它带有机械的秩序美，韵律是每个节拍间运动所表现的轨迹，它带有形象特征。
　　Things in motion have formal laws of rhythm and rhyme, which are originally expressed through visual and auditory means in art forms such as music, dance, poetry, and film that have temporal forms. Rhythm itself has no visual characteristics, it only indicates the speed, strength, and intermittent rhythm of things in motion. Rhythm can be said to be the development of organization and repetition. It has a mechanical beauty of order, rhythm is the trajectory expressed by the movement between each beat, and it has visual characteristics.
　　版式设计需要节奏感和韵律感，节奏形式的运用是版式设计的必要手法，韵律的形式运用得合理，可以取得不错的视觉效果。在具体的网页设计应用中，版面的结构设计就经常会遇到这个问题，优秀的版面设计富有音乐般的美感，同时实用性丝毫未减，这不仅需要从形状上，而且要从整体的色彩、大小、明暗等综合方面入手（图2-26、图2-27）。
　　Layout design requires a sense of rhythm and cadence, and the use of rhythmic forms is a necessary technique in layout design. Reasonable use of rhythmic forms can achieve good visual effects. In specific web design applications, the structural design of layouts often encounters this problem. Excellent layout design is full of musical beauty, while practicality remains unchanged. This requires not only the shape, but also the overall color, size, brightness, and other comprehensive aspects (Figure 2-26, Figure 2-27).
　　四简约
　　Four Simplicity
　　简约设计历来都是最可行、最受欢迎的网站设计方法，这种风格不但能提供最实用的设计，而且永远不会过时。以这种风格设计的网站也非常易于创建和维护。但简约设计实现起来并不容易，需要在细节上煞费苦心，在微妙之处独具慧眼，因为“简约”并不意味着“简单”。
　　Minimalist design has always been the most feasible and popular website design method, which not only provides the most practical design, but also never becomes outdated. Websites designed in this style are also very easy to create and maintain. But implementing minimalist design is not easy, it requires careful attention to details and a keen eye for subtle nuances, because "minimalism" does not necessarily mean "simplicity".
　　图2-28所示页面采用极为简洁的页面设计，加上一些交互式动作，使网站富有一定的动感；设计师将最需要说明的网站主题采用言简意赅的话语标注在页面中心位置，主题突出、视觉中心明确，方便用户使用的同时也试图给用户留下深刻印象（图2-28~图2-30）。
　　The page shown in Figure 2-28 adopts an extremely simple page design, with some interactive actions added to give the website a certain sense of dynamism; The designer uses concise and clear language to label the most important website themes in the center of the page, with prominent themes and clear visual centers, making it convenient for users to use while also attempting to leave a deep impression on them (Figure 2-28~Figure 2-30).
　　版式设计的简约手法讲究“少即是多”，简洁的图形、醒目的文字、宽大的色块会给人以悦目、舒适以及美的享受，令人百看不厌、回味无穷。所以需要认真研究版式设计中的构成法则，避免做过多的、繁复的装饰。网页设计并非要把整个页面塞满了才能体现信息的丰富性，只要合理地安排信息内容的位置，规划页面的布局，使页面达到基本的视觉平衡，即使大面积留白，同样会使页面产生意想不到的视觉效果，不会让人感到内容空泛、信息量贫乏，而是会给用户留下广阔的思考空间。back beat media网站只把最主要的导航放在主页上，配以简单图形和背景图，网站设计师认为只有这样的做法才可能成功吸引用户的视线（图2-31）。
　　The minimalist approach of layout design emphasizes the principle of "less is more". Simple graphics, eye-catching text, and large color blocks will give people a pleasing, comfortable, and beautiful experience, making them never tire of it and leaving a lasting impression. So it is necessary to carefully study the composition rules in layout design and avoid making too many and complicated decorations. Web design does not need to fill the entire page to reflect the richness of information. As long as the position of information content is arranged reasonably, the layout of the page is planned, and the page reaches a basic visual balance, even if there is a large area of blank space, it will still produce unexpected visual effects on the page. It will not make people feel that the content is empty or the information is lacking, but will leave users with broad thinking space. The back beat media website only places the main navigation on the homepage, accompanied by simple graphics and background images. Website designers believe that only this approach can successfully attract users' attention (Figure 2-31).
　　在生活节奏如此快速的互联网时代，随着追求目标的不断变化，人们的审美观念也不断地变化，但是作为形式美的法则是不变的，网页的版式设计也需要遵循相应的设计规则。任何问题都不是绝对的，在遵循这些基本法则的同时，设计者更需要有创新的意识，将这些基本的设计原则灵活运用，而避免成为规则的奴隶。
　　In the Internet era, where the pace of life is so fast, with the constant change of the pursuit of goals, people's aesthetic concepts are also constantly changing, but as the rule of formal beauty is unchanged, the layout design of web pages also needs to follow the corresponding design rules. No problem is absolute. While following these basic principles, designers need to have innovative thinking and flexibly apply them to avoid becoming slaves to rules.
　　五参考书籍
　　Five reference books
　　作者：何丽萍、杨光、龙彬
　　Authors: He Liping, Yang Guang, Long Bin
　　定价：59元
　　Pricing: 59 yuan
　　ISBN：9787302692225
　　ISBN：9787302692225
　　出版日期：2025.06.01
　　Publication date: June 1, 2025
　　《Web界面设计》重点介绍网页界面设计的相关内容。从设计艺术学的角度说明网页中各部分的作用；在遵循形式美法则的基础上讨论如何提高网页信息传递效率；在总结网页设计规律和方法的同时补充网页交互设计的内容。本书第1章介绍网页设计制作的基本原理和工作流程；第2~5章讲述网页设计的原则和方法；第6、7章介绍网页交互设计的原则和方法。为方便师生教与学，本书还提供了配套的教学视频和课件。
　　Web Interface Design "focuses on introducing the relevant content of web interface design. From the perspective of design art, explain the roles of each part in a webpage; Discuss how to improve the efficiency of webpage information transmission based on the principle of formal beauty; While summarizing the rules and methods of web design, supplement the content of web interaction design. Chapter 1 of this book introduces the basic principles and workflow of web design and production; Chapters 2-5 discuss the principles and methods of web design; Chapters 6 and 7 introduce the principles and methods of web interaction design. For the convenience of teachers and students in teaching and learning, this book also provides supporting teaching videos and courseware.
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